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Melting Ice

Broad Question

Table of Contents

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Broad Questiontoc

Specific Question

Hypothesis

Graph of Hypothesis

Variables

Independent Variable: Substance used.

Dependent Variable: Time (Minutes/Seconds)

Variables That Need To Be Controlled:

General Plan

Experimental Design

Materials List

Detailed Procedure

Background Research

References

Results

Data Table

Graphs

Photos

Data Analysis

Conclusion

What substance will melt ice fastest?

Specific Question

What substance will melt an ice cube fastest: water, lemon juice or salt?

Hypothesis

I hypothesize that the salt will melt fastest, followed by lemon juice and water.

Graph of Hypothesis

Variables

Independent Variable: Substance used.

Dependent Variable: Time (Minutes/Seconds)

Variables That Need To Be Controlled:

Substance Used
Size of ice cube
Temperature of room
Temperature of substance

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General Plan

Experimental Design

I am going to conduct an experiment that will help me determine what substance melts ice fastest. This test will be done in my kitchen. Three different substances will be tested: water, lemon juice and table salt. Each substance will be tested ten times. All data will be recorded on a copy of my data table.I will then transfer the data to my data table on the computer at school. This test will be photographed.

Materials List

Materials:
3 bowls
30 ice cubes
Lemon juice
Water
Salt
Timer
Data Table

Detailed Procedure

Procedure:
1) Gather materials
2) Put one ice cube in each bowl
3) Put one substance in each bowl
4) Time the melting of the cube
5) Repeat steps 2-4 9 times

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Background Research

Water is the only found naturally in three forms: liquid, solid and gas. water freezes at 32f and boils at 212f (at sea level.)Water is made of one part oxygen and two parts hydrogen (H2O.) An object is a solid when it keeps its shape on its own. a liquid will take the shape of its container. Salt melts at 800 degrees c. Lemon juice has an acid value of two, which is very high.

References

Ball, jackie, et al. physical science: matter. first. bethesda, md: discovery channel science, 2003. Print.
"the chemical properties of lemon juice." ehow.com. demandmedia.ink, 1999. Web. 19 Jan. 2012.
"the chemistry of water." freedrinkingwater.com. 2010. Web. 17 Jan. 2012. <http://www.freedrinkingwater.com/resource-water-chemistry.htm>.
Perlmann, howard. "water properties: facts and figuires about water." USGS:Science for a changing world. author, 18 Jan. 2012. Web. 17 Jan. 2012. <http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/waterproperties.html>.
"physical properties of salt and sodium chloride." si salt institute. salt institute, 2011. Web. 19 Jan. 2012.

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Results

Data Table

Graphs

Photos

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Data Analysis

Conclusion

The original purpose of this experiment was to determine what substance would completely melt an ice cube in the least amount of time. This was tested by putting ice cubes in bowls of the substances used (water, lemon juice, salt) and timing their melt time.The results of the experiment were that on average salt melted ice the fastest, followed by water, followed by lemon juice. On average it took salt three minutes and twenty-two seconds to melt a cube of ice, water took three minutes and twenty-six seconds, and lemon juice took three minutes and thirty-two seconds.

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Discussion
My hypothesis was that salt would melt ice the fastest, followed by lemon juice, then water. My results do not support my hypothesis. There is a relationship between the independent and dependent variables. Some patterns and trends that my data shows are that on average salt melts ice the fastest, followed by lemon juice, followed by water. I think the tests I did went smoothly because everything in the experiment went completely according to plan. If I could improve my experiment I would do so by testing more than just three substances to melt the ice. A future study might involve more substances such as oil, sand or milk.